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Chandel, Sunita
- Biological Control of Stem Rot Disease of Carnation Caused by Rhizoctonia solani Kuhn
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1 Department of Plant Pathology. Dr. Y. S. Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni,Solan (H.P.) 173 230, IN
1 Department of Plant Pathology. Dr. Y. S. Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni,Solan (H.P.) 173 230, IN
Source
Journal of Biological Control, Vol 27, No 3 (2013), Pagination: 221–224Abstract
Five fungal antagonists viz., Trichoderma harzianum, T. hamatum, T. viride, T. polysporum and T. virens and two bacterial antagonistic species namely Bacillus subtilis and Pseudomonas fluorescens were evaluated under in vitro and field condition against stem rot of carnation variety Rubesco during 2009 and 2010. Under in vitro conditions biocontrol agents significantly inhibited the growth of Rhizoctonia solani upto 65.08 per cent in case of Trichoderma viride and under field conditions they caused significant reduction in stem rot incidence, increase plant growth and quality parameters as compared to untreated control.Keywords
Rhizoctonia solani, Fungicides, Trichoderma spp., Carnation, Bacterial Antagonists, Fungal Antagonists.Full Text
References
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- Organic Amendment, Biocontrol Agents and Soil Solarization Practice in Management of Fusarium Wilt of Carnation Caused by Fusarium oxysporum Schledit. F.sp. Dianthi (Prill. and Del.) Snyd. and Hans
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1 Department of Plant Pathology, Dr. Y.S.P University of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni, SOLAN (H.P.), IN
1 Department of Plant Pathology, Dr. Y.S.P University of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni, SOLAN (H.P.), IN
Source
International Journal of Plant Protection, Vol 8, No 1 (2015), Pagination: 130-133Abstract
Carnation is severely affected by Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. dianthi which considerably affect the yield and quality of the flowers. Use of organic amendments, biological control agents and soil solarization alone and in combination with antagonists was tried in the present investigation. The results revealed that neem cake and pine needles out of nine organic amendments gave 77.49 and 72.49 per cent disease control with minimum disease incidence. Combined application of two antagonists Trichoderma viride and T. harzianum after 60 days of soil solarization practices registered minimum incidence (16.25%) of the disease followed by T. viride and T. harzianum. The growth characteristics stem length, number of flowers and flower size per plant also increased significantly in these treatments.Keywords
Carnation, Wilt, Organic Amendment, Soli Solarization.
- Diversity Status of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal (AM) Fungi from Rhizospheric Soils of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants in Himachal Pradesh
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Authors
Affiliations
1 Dr. Y.S. Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, IN
1 Dr. Y.S. Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, IN
Source
Indian Forester, Vol 142, No 7 (2016), Pagination: 690-696Abstract
Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi are known to improve plant growth, nutrition uptake and defense mechanisms in plants. AM fungi have been observed to be associated with many plants including medicinal and aromatic plants. In the present study an attempt was made to study the diversity status of the AM fungi associated with medicinal and aromatic plants, Himachal Pradesh, India. It was noticed that the AM fungal spores were invariably present in the rhizospheres of all plants screened except Cichorium intybus, Saussurea lappa, Gentiana kurroo, Spilanthus acemella and Withania somnifera. Maximum number of AM fungal spores was recorded from soil samples collected from Solan district followed by Sirmour, Kinnaur and Mandi districts. Among different soil samples analysed, Solanum laciniatum harbours maximum AM fungal spores followed by Alpinia calcarata, Roscoea alpinia in Solan. A total of four different genera of AM fungi viz., Acaulospora, Glomus, Entrophospora and Scutellospora were isolated and identified. Among them, the genus Glomus was found dominant with maximum frequency percentage occurrence (80%) when compared to other genera.Keywords
AM Fungi, Medicinal Plants, Glomus, Acaulospora, Entrophospora, Scutellospora, Diversity.References
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- New Record Occurrence of Mycosphaerella Leaf Spot of Eucalyptus in Himachal Pradesh
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Affiliations
1 Department of Plant Pathology, Dr. Y.S. Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni, Solan (H.P.), IN
1 Department of Plant Pathology, Dr. Y.S. Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni, Solan (H.P.), IN
Source
International Journal of Plant Sciences, Vol 11, No 2 (2016), Pagination: 288-290Abstract
A study on occurrence and distribution of Mycosphaerella leaf spot of Eucalyptus was conducted at Solan district of Himachal Pradesh during August, 2015 to December, 2015. On the basis of the morphological characteristics, the fungus was identified as Mycosphaerella cryptica and Mycosphaerella marksii which produced symptoms like necrotic spots and patches on leaves and presence of crinkled and distorted foliage. Ascopores of M. cryptica and M. marksii are hyaline, with one septum, fusiform to tunecate and whose size varies from 12-16 x 2-4 μm and 11-14 x 2-3 μm, respectively.Keywords
Mycosphaerella spp., Eucalyptus, Conidia.References
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- Mycoviruses and their Role in Biological Control of Plant Diseases
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Affiliations
1 Department of Plant Pathology, Dr. Y.S. Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni, Solan (H.P.), IN
1 Department of Plant Pathology, Dr. Y.S. Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni, Solan (H.P.), IN
Source
International Journal of Plant Sciences, Vol 11, No 2 (2016), Pagination: 375-382Abstract
Mycoviruses are the viruses that infect fungi and prevalent in all major groups of plant pathogenic and edible fungi. The first mycovirus was reported in 1962 from the cultivated mushroom (Agaricus bisporus); the infected mushrooms developed malformed fruiting bodies, grow slowly, mature early and resulting in serious yield losses. Although the majority of known mycoviruses have dsRNA genomes that are packaged in isometric particles, but there are also some reports of DNA mycoviruses. These are transmitted intracellularly during cell division, sporogenesis and cell fusion, but apparently lack an extracellular route for infection. Their natural host ranges are restricted to individuals within the same or closely related vegetative compatibility groups. Mycoviruses causes debilitating diseases of mushrooms; reduce the virulence of their phytopathogenic fungal hosts, production of killer proteins and increase the thermal tolerance of infected host plant. These fungal-virus systems are precious for the development of novel biocontrol strategies. Hypovirulence associated mycoviruses and killer yeast to control plant diseases is emerging as one of the latest biological tool.Keywords
Mycoviruses, dsRNA, Hypovirulence, Killer Yeast.References
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- Biological Control of Rose Powdery Mildew (Podosphaera pannosa (Wallr.: Fr.) De Bary
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1 Department of Plant Pathology, Dr. Y.S. Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni, Solan (H.P.), IN
1 Department of Plant Pathology, Dr. Y.S. Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni, Solan (H.P.), IN
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International Journal of Plant Protection, Vol 9, No 2 (2016), Pagination: 639-643Abstract
Powdery mildew, caused by Podosphaera pannosa (Wallr.: Fr.) de Bary (Syn. Sphaerotheca pannosa var rosae (Wallr.: Ex Fr.) Lev.), is one of the most important fungal diseases in roses. These are obligate parasites and considered as one of the most distributed and destructive groups of plant pathogens. The symptoms appear on leaves, shoots, buds, thorns, peduncles and flowers as powdery, whitish growth (mycelium, conidiophores and spores) of the mildew fungus. Plants can be severely stunted if they are heavily infected early in the growing season. The disease has been managed mainly by chemical fungicides but increasing public concern over the use of fungicides has made the development of biological control for powdery mildew highly desirable. Recent reports have highlighted the potential of biological control as an alternative strategy for disease management. Several biological control methods such as use of microbial antagonists (fungi, bacterial, yeast and yeast like organisms), botanicals and bioproducts have been found effective against rose powdery mildew fungi. The main objective of this review paper is to summarize the data on the microbial antagonists, bioproducts (anhydrous milk products, oils and compost extracts) and botanicals which have been reported effective for the better management of this plant pathogen.Keywords
Antagonists, Biological Control, Bioproducts, Botanicals, Podosphaera pannosa, Rose.References
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- Molecular Characterization of Native Trichodermaharzianum Sp. and Evaluation of Different Biocontrol Agents under in Vitro and in Vivo Conditions against Stem Rot and Wilt Disease of Carnation
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International Journal of Innovative Research and Development, Vol 4, No 12 (2015), Pagination:Abstract
Different fungal antagonists viz., Trichodermaharzianum, T. hamatum, T. viride, T. polysporum,T. virens, Penicilliumsp., Aspergillussp., Rhizopus sp. and two bacterial antagonistic species namely Bacillus subtilis and Pseudomonas fluorescens were evaluated under in vitro and field conditions against stem rot of carnation and seven microorganisms representing five fungal viz., T. harzianum, T. viride, T. virens, Aspergillus sp. and Penicillium sp. and two bacteria viz., Bacillus sp. and bacterial isolate 1 were tested against Fusarium wilt of carnation during 2012 and 2013. Under in vitro conditions biocontrol agents significantly inhibited the growth and under field conditions they caused significant reduction in disease incidence and there is increase plant growth and quality parameters as compared to untreated control. The Trichodermaharzianum was found most effective and identity of T.harzianum were also established by PCR amplification and sequencing of either 18S rRNA or ITS gene sequences and it was submitted with an accession number KF924562.
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- New Finding of the Phoma Leaf Spot of the Varnish Tree (Koelreuteria paniculata) in Himachal Pradesh
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1 Department of Plant Pathology, Dr. Y.S. Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni, Solan (H.P.), IN
1 Department of Plant Pathology, Dr. Y.S. Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni, Solan (H.P.), IN
Source
International Journal of Forestry and Crop Improvement, Vol 8, No 1 (2017), Pagination: 38-40Abstract
A new foliar disease of Koelreuteria paniculata tree is reported during continuous surveys conducted at Solan district of Himachal Pradesh during August, 2015 to December, 2015. On the basis of morphological characteristics the fungus, the fungus was identified as Phoma eupyrena which produces symptoms on the leaves as numerous small, pale, irregular spots which are light brown with dark black margins and blightening appearance at the apex region initially. Phoma eupyrena form pycnidia, whose range varied between 240-250 μm in diameter and conidia are hyaline, short, cylindrical, mostly straight and unicellular. Conidial size ranged between 3-6 × 1.5-3 μm.Keywords
Phoma eupyrena, Koelreuteria paniculata, Pycnidia.References
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- Enhancement of Growth and Biological Activity of Selected Actinomycetes Strains of Melissa officinalis and Heracleum candicans on Different Media
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1 Department of Microbiology, Dr. Y.S. Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni, Solan (H.P.), IN
2 Department of Mycology and Plant Pathology, Dr. Y.S. Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni, Solan (H.P.), IN
3 Department of Biotechnology, Dr. Y.S. Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni, Solan (H.P.), IN
1 Department of Microbiology, Dr. Y.S. Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni, Solan (H.P.), IN
2 Department of Mycology and Plant Pathology, Dr. Y.S. Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni, Solan (H.P.), IN
3 Department of Biotechnology, Dr. Y.S. Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni, Solan (H.P.), IN
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Asian Journal of Bio Science, Vol 5, No 1 (2010), Pagination: 63-68Abstract
Actinomycetes strains isolated from rhizosphere of two important medicinal plants Melissa officinalis and Heracleum candicans were evaluated for production of biological and proteolytic activities by selecting different media. In present investigations two strains Act-M-3 and Act-M-5 of Melissa officinalis produced maximum growth on Glucose ammonium salts (GAS) and Glycerol peptone beef (GPB) broths while strain Act-M-8 preferred GPB. Antibacterial and antifungal activities were registered more on GAS, GPB in addition to Nutrient broth (NB) against Bacillus subtilis, Alternaria and Pythium sp. by two strains Act-M-3 and Act-M-8 in comparison to Act-M-5. Proteolytic production was registered highest in Starch Broth (SB) by Act-M-3 than other two strains. However, Act-H-2 strain isolated from H. candicans recorded maximum growth on GPB while Act-H-5 and Act-H-6 obtained higher production on SB. GAS broth supported greater antibacterial activity by Act-H-2 and Act-H-6 strain towards E. coli and B. subtilis but less or weak effect was obtained by Act-H-5 strain in all the media tested. Antifungal effect against Pythium and Phytopthora sp. was found superior in GPB, GP, GAS and SB. Though proteolytic activity produced by Act-H-2 and Act-H-6 was more on SB, NB and GAS media. Strain Act-H-5 on other hand could not show any proteolytic production on GAS, GPB and SB.Keywords
Microflora, Nutritional Selection, Secondary Metabolites.- Impact of Green Crop Residues on Fusarium Wilt Incidence and Growth Parameters of the Gladiolus
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1 Department of Plant Pathology, Dr. Y.S. Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni, Solan (H.P.), IN
1 Department of Plant Pathology, Dr. Y.S. Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni, Solan (H.P.), IN
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International Journal of Forestry and Crop Improvement, Vol 8, No 2 (2017), Pagination: 121-124Abstract
The field experiment was conducted at experimental farm of the Department of Plant Pathology, Dr. YS. Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni, Solan (H.P.) during the period 2014-2015. Different green crop residues viz., marijuana (Cannabis sativa), mustard (Brassica rapa), peas (Pisum sativum), cabbage (Brassica oleracea), pumpkin (Cucurbita pepo), barley (Hordeum vulgare) and wheat (Triticum aestivum) were incorporated into the soil and evaluated against the Fusarium wilt, germination of bulbs and other growth parameters of the gladiolus. The soil beds amended with cabbage leaves residue showed the minimum disease incidence (11.97%) which was followed by the mustard i.e. 19.02% when compared with control (42.06%). These green crops amendment treated bed also shows increase in germination percentage, bulb number bulb weight, spike length and number of flower in spike. Beds amended with cabbage leaves residues shows highest germination of the gladiolus bulbs (92.44%), maximum number of flower in spike (14.67), longest spike (56.33) and maximum number of the bulb (15) as compare to the control. It also has better bulbs germination, plant growth, increased spike length, maximum flower in spike, increase weight and number of bulbs.Keywords
Gladiolus, Green Crop Residue, Fusarium Wilt, Germination.References
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- Role of Modelling in Plant Disease Management
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1 Department of Plant Pathology, Dr. Y.S. Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni, Solan (H.P.), IN
1 Department of Plant Pathology, Dr. Y.S. Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni, Solan (H.P.), IN
Source
International Journal of Plant Protection, Vol 11, No 1 (2018), Pagination: 124-134Abstract
Indian’s economy is agricultural based. Agriculture provides maximum employment in the country. Unfortunately, crop production is heavily affected by the pests and diseases. In addition to refinement in the existing management practices, there is a need for simulation models to assess the potential of emerging pathogens for a given crop production system and also shift in pathogen populations/fitness that may demand modifications in current production systems. Forecasting models which allows investigating multiple scenarios and interactions simultaneously has become most important for disease prediction, impact assessment and application of disease management measures. Many weather driven epidemiological models have been developed and used to predict plant disease epidemics under variable climate. Most forecasting models are meant for tactical and strategic decisions. Similarly, the Mill’s Table also had been modified for Apple scab epidemic under H.P conditions. Moreover, remote sensing and image analysis have been used in plant diseases epidemiology to forecast the plant diseases. These epidemiological tools have been designed to help the farmers in enhancing the efficiency and adequacy of disease management. A complete knowledge of these epidemiological tools provide quick, fast and accurate prediction of disease and helps in timely disease control.Keywords
Epidemic, Forecasting, Modelling, Simulation.References
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- First Report of Microstroma juglandis Causing Downy Leaf Spot or White Mould on Celtis australis from Himachal Pradesh, India
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1 Department of Plant Pathology, Dr. Y. S. Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni, Solan (H.P.), IN
1 Department of Plant Pathology, Dr. Y. S. Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni, Solan (H.P.), IN
Source
International Journal of Plant Protection, Vol 11, No 2 (2018), Pagination: 161-163Abstract
Microstroma sp. collected on living leaves of Celtis australis L. (Cannabaceae ) from Himachal Pradesh, India is a new host record. Symptoms of the disease on leaves appeared in the form of small, circular to irregular, white coloured spots or mouldy growth surrounded by a yellow zone. The fungus isolated was identified as Microstroma juglandis on the basis of cultural appearance and morphological characters. The pathogen was able to induce the characteristic symptoms of downy leaf spot or white mould within 14-16 days after inoculation.Keywords
Celtis Australis, Downy Leaf Spot, Microstroma Sp.References
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- Status of Arbuscular Mycorrhiza (AM) in Nurseries of Willow, Poplar and Pine Seedlings in Himachal Pradesh
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1 Department of Plant Pathology, Dr. Y.S. Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni, Solan (H.P.), IN
1 Department of Plant Pathology, Dr. Y.S. Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni, Solan (H.P.), IN
Source
International Journal of Plant Protection, Vol 13, No 1 (2020), Pagination: 87-92Abstract
Poplar and willow are economically-important, fast-growing tree species with the ability to colonize nutrient-poor environments. Willow (Salix sp.) offers a great potential as a source of renewable energy and for bioremediation and polluted environments. To initiate a study on the possible contribution of arbuscular mycorrhiza to this ability, we isolated mycorrhial fungi from in and around the rhizosphere of native poplar (Populus sp.), willow (Salix sp.) and pine (Pinus sp.) seedlings grown in research nurseries at Dr. Y.S. Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Solan (H.P.). Several species of mycorrhizal fungi grew well in the rhizosphere of these trees, were characterized based on morphological studies. The number of spores per 50 g of rhizosphere soil from pinus, willow and poplar were found to be 1380, 1290, 1300 and 540, 490, 530 spores at 106 µ and 250 µ mesh sieves, respectively. The presence of these AM fungi may help explain the ability of these pioneering tree species to grow under nitrogen limitation. Their presence will be helpful in mitigating the losses due to soil borne diseases as well as enhancing the plant vigor.Keywords
VAM (Vesicular Arbuscular Mycorrhiza), Poplar, Willow, Pine, Salix, Rhizosphere.References
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